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Java was created at Sun Microsystems, Inc., where James Gosling led a team of researchers in an effort to create a new language that would allow consumer electronic devices to communicate with each other. Work on the language began in 1991, and before long the team's focus changed to a new niche, the World Wide Web.

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Bjarne Stroustrup joined the 1127 Computing Science Research Center of AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1979. Strongly influenced by the object-oriented model of the Simula language (created by Dahl and Nygaard), he began work on developing class extensions to the C language so that developers could write software using a far higher level of abstraction.

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Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming.

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React (also known as React.js or ReactJS) is a free and open-source front-end JavaScript library for building user interfaces based on components. It is maintained by Meta (formerly Facebook) and a community of individual developers and companies. React can be used as a base in the development of single-page, mobile, or server-rendered applications with frameworks like Next.js.